Is variation considered a component of total quality management?

Variation is indeed a critical concept within total quality management (TQM), as it directly impacts the consistency and reliability of processes. TQM emphasizes the importance of maintaining high-quality standards by minimizing variations in processes, which can lead to defects or unsatisfactory outcomes.

The assertion that variation can negatively affect processes is consistent with the principles of TQM, which aims to eliminate defects and improve processes through quality planning, control, and improvement. Understanding and managing variation is fundamental to ensuring that processes operate efficiently and produce high-quality products or services.

In contrast, emphasizing that variation is essential to all processes (the first choice) misunderstands the TQM philosophy, which seeks to reduce undesirable variation rather than accept it as inherent. Similarly, stating that variation is only considered in input (the third choice) overlooks the comprehensive approach TQM takes towards variation across all stages of production and service delivery. Lastly, the notion that variation is not a component at all (the second choice) fails to recognize its pivotal role in the quality management framework. Thus, recognizing the adverse effects of variation aligns with the tenets of TQM focused on quality enhancement.